The myth of the royal farm dog
The name Corgi comes from the Welsh words "cor" (dwarf) and "gi" (dog). There are two main types: the Pembroke and the Cardigan. The Pembroke’s origins are linked to Flemish weavers who settled in Wales around the 10th century. Interestingly, short-legged herding dogs were also present in Scandinavia at that time, with the Vallhund being a well-known example. These dogs likely influenced the development of the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, given their spitz-like traits and timing of their arrival in Wales. On the other hand, the Cardigan is believed to have arrived in Wales with the Celts around 1200 BC, making it one of the oldest herding breeds. They have descended from the Teckel family of dogs which also produced the Dachshund.
Shorter legs is a spontaneous mutation that can occur in many dog breeds, so it's not assumed that all dwarf dogs share a common ancestry. Despite both Corgi breeds being cattle-herding dogs from Wales with short legs, they are not closely related. Instead, they represent a delightful example of convergent evolution, where similar traits develop independently in different lineages.
Welsh folklore suggests that Corgis were the preferred mount of fairy warriors. According to legend, fairies would ride these spirited dogs into battle or use them to pull their carriages. What an incredible movie that would make? Hollywood will for sure make one pretty soon…
Despite their small size, Corgis are excellent herders, known for their agility and intelligence. They were primarily bred and used for herding cattle, but they can also herd sheep and even Welsh ponies. One common myth about Corgis is that their short legs make them slow. In reality, Corgis are incredibly fast and agile. Their low center of gravity gives them stability and speed, allowing them to make quick, sharp turns. This agility is crucial when herding livestock, as Corgis need to keep up with and control animals that are much larger and faster. Their speed and quick reflexes are often underestimated due to their small stature, but any farmer who has worked with a Corgi will attest to their remarkable herding abilities. Their compact size and strong, low build make them perfect for herding, as they can easily dodge kicks and bites from larger animals. Their low stature allows them to nip at cattle's heels without being kicked.
The Corgi's roots run deep in Welsh culture. The breed's development over the centuries was shaped by the rugged Welsh terrain and the needs of the farmers who relied on these dogs to manage their livestock. Corgis were bred to be robust and resilient, capable of working long hours in all weather conditions. Their keen senses and strong work ethic made them indispensable partners on the farm.
Corgis were not only practical working dogs but also beloved companions. Their playful nature and loyalty endeared them to their human families. This dual role as both worker and pet helped cement the Corgi's place in Welsh society. The breed's distinctive appearance, with its short legs and expressive face, further contributed to its charm and popularity.
In more recent history, Corgis have become cultural icons, thanks in part to their association with British royalty. Queen Elizabeth II's love for Corgis is well-known. She received her first Corgi, Dookie, in 1933, sparking a lifelong passion for the breed. Over her lifetime, Queen Elizabeth II owned more than 30 Corgis, making them a staple of the British royal family. Her devotion to the breed brought them significant attention and popularity. The Queen's Corgis often accompanied her on official duties, and they became a symbol of her reign.
However, it's important to note that unlike breeds specifically bred for royalty, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel or the Pekingese, Corgis were not originally royal breeds. Their rise to royal status is more a testament to their charming personalities and the personal preference of Queen Elizabeth II than to any historical association with nobility. The Corgi's journey from working dog to royal companion is a delightful example of how endearing traits can elevate a breed's status. From herding cattle in ancient Wales to racing in modern Vilnius, Corgis continue to capture the hearts of dog lovers worldwide.